This is the story of how state, law, and democracy developed after these cataclysmic events, how the modern landscape - with its uneasy tension between dictatorships and liberal democracies - evolved and, finally, how in the United States ...

In 'The Origins of Political Order', Francis Fukuyama took us from the dawn of mankind to the French and American Revolutions. Here, he picks up the thread again in the second instalment of his definitive account of mankind's emergence as a political animal. This is the story of how state, law, and democracy developed after these cataclysmic events, how the modern landscape - with its uneasy tension between dictatorships and liberal democracies - evolved and, finally, how in the United States and in other developed democracies, unmistakable signs of decay have emerged

From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy

Political Order and Political Decay

Fukuyama argues that by focusing on identity over human universality, we have been fracturing our civil society and increasing peril to our democracy--Adapted from jacket.

A short book about the challenges to liberalism from the right and the left by the bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order Classical liberalism is in a state of crisis. Developed in the wake of Europe’s wars over religion and nationalism, liberalism is a system for governing diverse societies that is grounded in fundamental principles of equality and the rule of law. It emphasizes the rights of individuals to pursue their own forms of happiness free from encroachment by government. It’s no secret that liberalism hasn’t always lived up to its own ideals. In the United States, many have long been denied equality before the law, excluded from the category of full human beings worthy of universal rights. Only recently has this definition expanded to include, to varying degrees, women, African Americans, LGBTQ+ people, and other historically marginalized groups. As the renowned political philosopher Francis Fukuyama shows in Liberalism and Its Discontents, the principles of liberalism have also, in recent decades, been pushed to new extremes by both the right and the left: neoliberals have made a cult of economic freedom, and progressives have focused on identity over human universality as central to their political vision. The result, Fukuyama argues, has been a fracturing of our civil society and increasing peril to our democracy. In this succinct, clear account of our current political discontents, Fukuyama offers an essential defense of a revitalized liberalism for the twenty-first century.

Liberalism and Its Discontents

As the renowned political philosopher Francis Fukuyama shows in Liberalism and Its Discontents, the principles of liberalism have also, in recent decades, been pushed to new extremes by both the right and the left: neoliberals made a cult ...

A short book about the challenges to liberalism from the right and the left by the bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order. Classical liberalism is in a state of crisis. Developed in the wake of Europe’s wars over religion and nationalism, liberalism is a system for governing diverse societies, which is grounded in fundamental principles of equality and the rule of law. It emphasizes the rights of individuals to pursue their own forms of happiness free from encroachment by government. It's no secret that liberalism didn't always live up to its own ideals. In America, many people were denied equality before the law. Who counted as full human beings worthy of universal rights was contested for centuries, and only recently has this circle expanded to include women, African Americans, LGBTQ+ people, and others. Conservatives complain that liberalism empties the common life of meaning. As the renowned political philosopher Francis Fukuyama shows in Liberalism and Its Discontents, the principles of liberalism have also, in recent decades, been pushed to new extremes by both the right and the left: neoliberals made a cult of economic freedom, and progressives focused on identity over human universality as central to their political vision. The result, Fukuyama argues, has been a fracturing of our civil society and an increasing peril to our democracy. In this short, clear account of our current political discontents, Fukuyama offers an essential defense of a revitalized liberalism for the twenty-first century.

沒有優質國家國家， 就沒有優質民主！ 2020年讓全球措手不及。新型冠狀病毒（COVID-19）導致的肺炎疫情意外爆發，不僅考驗各國政府如何保護國民健康、維繫經濟活動，更加速國際 ...

沒有優質國家國家， 就沒有優質民主！ 2020年讓全球措手不及。新型冠狀病毒（COVID-19）導致的肺炎疫情意外爆發，不僅考驗各國政府如何保護國民健康、維繫經濟活動，更加速國際政治情勢的變化，疫情能否獲得控制仍在未定之天，世界秩序已然大洗牌。如今重讀政治思想家法蘭西斯．福山於2014年寫就的《政治秩序的起源》，彷彿置身於政治預言之中。 法蘭西斯．福山師承杭亭頓（Samual P. Huntington），希望能藉由這套《政治秩序的起源》，補足其政治思想因時代衍生的落差。但他的做法並非接續杭亭頓的著作從一九七?年代開始分析，而選擇從人類史前開始，自人類的靈長目祖先黑猩猩談起。 法蘭西斯．福山認為現代國家要實施民主並不難，真正困難的是建立有能力為人民服務，並且保障人民安全的合法現代國家。《政治秩序的起源》分成上下兩卷，其理論基礎在於，現代成功的自由民主，來自三大政治體制：國家、政治、可問責的政府。 第一、國家必須能合法、有效地使用權力。 第二、法治是用來限制國家、統治者的權力。 第三、一個可問責的政府，會藉由公平自由的多黨選舉等民主程序，迫使統治者以全民利益為優先，而非謀一己之私。 在《政治秩序的起源（上卷）：從史前到法國大革命》中，福山旁徵博引、縱貫古今，展開一場探討政治建制的起源、演變與衰敗的歷史之旅。上卷共分五部，前半以國家建造為主題，闡述從黑猩猩的生活習性乃至人類部落社會的出現；他視中國為世界上第一個擁有現代政治體系的國家，並比較同樣位於東方的印度，宗教如何讓兩者的政治發展截然不同；一路延伸至中東如何藉由奇特的奴隸制度建立短暫的強勢國家。後半則立論於法治，談宗教如何在西方發展出法治獨立的運作模式；以及直到法國大革命前夕，可問責政府在歐洲的發展。 對照2014年書中提到的質疑與推測，如中國能否在專制制度下維持經濟成長，如今讀來分外值得深思。縱然自由市場、有活力的公民社會、自發性的群眾智慧，都是民主重要的成分，但都無法取代一個強健、階層分明的政府。民主建制的存在，並不是評斷某國治理好壞的有力依據，未能兌現承諾，才是政治制度面臨的最嚴峻挑戰。如何「向丹麥看齊」，建立民主、安全、繁榮又不腐敗的國家，是本書追求的理想國度。

政治秩序的起源（上卷） ：從史前到法國大革命

膚色、性別、族群、性向、宗教、反移民等日益激化的衝突， 已然成為現今世界的一種症狀，並嚴重威脅到了民主與自由！ 追溯民粹主義病灶，提供治療當代政治困境的解方 ...

膚色、性別、族群、性向、宗教、反移民等日益激化的衝突， 已然成為現今世界的一種症狀，並嚴重威脅到了民主與自由！ 追溯民粹主義病灶，提供治療當代政治困境的解方 ★《週日泰晤士報》2018年度政治類好書 ★《金融時報》2018年度好書 法蘭西斯．福山早在2014年就察覺美國和全球制度已陷入混亂，衰弱到無法阻止國家被強大的利益團體攫奪。兩年後的英國脫歐公投與美國總統大選，讓福山的預言成真：政治圈外人崛起，他們的經濟民族主義和獨裁主義，正在顛覆國際秩序。 身分認同的需求看似界定了今天的世界政治。反移民的民粹思想、政治化伊斯蘭高漲，以及白人民族主義捲土重來，這些全都對自由民主的基礎構成艱鉅的挑戰。《身分政治：民粹崛起、民主倒退，認同與尊嚴的鬥爭為何席捲當代世界？》指出：當代世界許多被誤認為源起於經濟動機的鬥爭，實則根植於對於承認的需求，無法單純靠經濟手段滿足之，因而現今有太多人受到基於民族、宗教、派別、種族或族群的狹義承認吸引。 福山以扎實的考據與淺顯的論述，從柏拉圖、馬丁．路德、盧梭、康德、民族主義到現代的性別政治，追溯了身分認同概念的發展，他一針見血地提出警告：除非我們能對人性尊嚴建構普遍的理解，否則注定承受接連不斷的衝突。 名人推薦 王宏恩（內華達大學拉斯維加斯分校政治系助理教授） 林宗弘（中央研究院社會學研究所研究員） 葉浩（國立政治大學政治學系副教授） ──共同推薦（依姓氏筆畫排序）

身分政治：民粹崛起、民主倒退，認同與尊嚴的鬥爭為何席捲當代世界？

Identity is an urgent and necessary book: a sharp warning that unless we forge a universal understanding of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continual conflict.

Currently in Bill Gates's bookbag and FT Books of 2018 Increasingly, the demands of identity direct the world's politics. Nation, religion, sect, race, ethnicity, gender: these categories have overtaken broader, inclusive ideas of who we are. We have built walls rather than bridges. The result: increasing in anti-immigrant sentiment, rioting on college campuses, and the return of open white supremacy to our politics. In 2014, Francis Fukuyama wrote that American and global institutions were in a state of decay, as the state was captured by powerful interest groups. Two years later, his predictions were borne out by the rise to power of a series of political outsiders whose economic nationalism and authoritarian tendencies threatens to destabilise the entire international order. These populist nationalists seek direct charismatic connection to 'the people', who are usually defined in narrow identity terms that offer an irresistible call to an in-group and exclude large parts of the population as a whole. Identity is an urgent and necessary book: a sharp warning that unless we forge a universal understanding of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continual conflict.

Contemporary Identity Politics and the Struggle for Recognition

Identity

The New York Times bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order offers a provocative examination of modern identity politics: its origins, its effects, and what it means for domestic and international affairs of state In 2014, ...

The New York Times bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order offers a provocative examination of modern identity politics: its origins, its effects, and what it means for domestic and international affairs of state In 2014, Francis Fukuyama wrote that American institutions were in decay, as the state was progressively captured by powerful interest groups. Two years later, his predictions were borne out by the rise to power of a series of political outsiders whose economic nationalism and authoritarian tendencies threatened to destabilize the entire international order. These populist nationalists seek direct charismatic connection to “the people,” who are usually defined in narrow identity terms that offer an irresistible call to an in-group and exclude large parts of the population as a whole. Demand for recognition of one’s identity is a master concept that unifies much of what is going on in world politics today. The universal recognition on which liberal democracy is based has been increasingly challenged by narrower forms of recognition based on nation, religion, sect, race, ethnicity, or gender, which have resulted in anti-immigrant populism, the upsurge of politicized Islam, the fractious “identity liberalism” of college campuses, and the emergence of white nationalism. Populist nationalism, said to be rooted in economic motivation, actually springs from the demand for recognition and therefore cannot simply be satisfied by economic means. The demand for identity cannot be transcended; we must begin to shape identity in a way that supports rather than undermines democracy. Identity is an urgent and necessary book—a sharp warning that unless we forge a universal understanding of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continuing conflict.

The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment

... Political Order and Political Decay, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015, p. 17. 40. Simile al «License Raj» che sarebbe poi stato promulgato in India all&#39;indomani dell&#39;indipendenza e che avrebbe ostacolato la crescita per decenni&nbsp;...

Viviamo tempi rivoluzionari. Ovunque si guardi, si riscontrano mutamenti radicali e forse irreversibili. L'assetto internazionale degli ultimi trent'anni si è dissolto e nuovi protagonisti - in particolare la Cina e la Russia - si sono affacciati sulla scena geopolitica minacciandone gli equilibri e la stabilità in nome di un diverso ordine mondiale. All'interno delle nazioni, i populismi sembrano minare il progetto liberale e le fondamenta stesse della democrazia. Sul piano economico, alcuni effetti deleteri della globalizzazione hanno messo in discussione il generale consenso attorno al libero mercato, mentre la rivoluzione digitale, con l'avvento dell'intelligenza artificiale, sta delineando scenari sconosciuti e inquietanti. Dopo decenni di apertura, cooperazione e integrazione, il risorgere dei nazionalismi e l'antagonismo tra le grandi potenze, nonché il conflitto esistenziale tra paesi democratici e autocrazie, lasciano presagire un futuro denso di incognite. Nonostante l'ampiezza e la simultaneità di queste trasformazioni, la nostra non è certo la prima epoca rivoluzionaria della storia. Altre rivoluzioni, in passato, hanno travolto società e istituzioni, ordinamenti politici e sistemi economici: quella liberale dei Paesi Bassi del XVII secolo, che ha creato la politica così come oggi la conosciamo, la Rivoluzione francese, con i suoi ideali di libertà, uguaglianza e fraternità, ma anche con la sua eredità di sangue, la rivoluzione industriale, che ha plasmato il mondo in cui viviamo. Secondo l'analista politico Fareed Zakaria - per «Foreign Policy» uno dei «dieci pensatori globali» più importanti dell'ultimo decennio - queste rivoluzioni sono rilevanti perché possono aiutarci a capire i cambiamenti in atto. Infatti, se a ogni progresso corrisponde una battuta d'arresto, se a ogni azione segue una reazione, oggi il rischio più grande che possiamo correre è quello di vedere compromessa l'idea di libertà che da almeno quattro secoli rappresenta il cuore dell'Occidente. Affrontare l'era delle rivoluzioni impedendo che le lancette della democrazia tornino indietro è la sfida che ci attende.

L'età delle rivoluzioni

The most important book about the history and future of politics since The End of History.

In The Origins of Political Order, Francis Fukuyama took us from the dawn of mankind to the French and American Revolutions. Here, he picks up the thread again in the second instalment of his definitive account of mankind's emergence as a political animal.This is the story of how state, law and democracy developed after these cataclysmic events, how the modern landscape - with its uneasy tension between dictatorships and liberal democracies - evolved and how in the United States and in other developed democracies, unmistakable signs of decay have emerged. If we want to understand the political systems that dominate and order our lives, we must first address their origins - in our own recent past as well as in the earliest systems of human government. Fukuyama argues that the key to successful government can be reduced to three key elements: a strong state, the rule of law and institutions of democratic accountability.This magisterial account is required reading for anyone wishing to know more about mankind's greatest achievements.

An examination of modern identity politics: its origins, its effects, and what it means for our democracy and international affairs of state

... Political Order and Political Decay ( 2014 ) 8 , qui examine les conditions de réalisation et de perpétuation de l&#39;ordre politique dans le contexte spécifique des sociétés industrielles . ❝ Cornell University Press , 2004 ; tr . fr&nbsp;...

La prééminence du droit est une notion qui sature le discours contemporain relatif à la démocratie libérale, où elle se trouve assimilée à l'idée de garantie des droits fondamentaux. D'où provient cependant l'idée selon laquelle les gouvernants doivent être soumis à un corps de règles et de principes intangibles ? Dans son ouvrage The Origins of Political Order (2011), Francis Fukuyama suggère que cette idée n'a pu s'imposer historiquement que dans des civilisations qui ont été informées en profondeur par une grande religion transcendante. Ce numéro vise à soumettre la thèse de Fukuyama à un cas d'espèce, celui du judaïsme antique. Survit-elle à l'examen d'éminents historiens du Proche-Orient antique, de la Bible, de la loi juive ? Plus largement, dit-elle quelque chose de l'effectivité juridique des idées religieuses ? Peut-elle même conduire à se demander si la croyance et la sacralité ne sont pas nécessaires, au fond, à tout système qui prétend soumettre le pouvoir politique à des principes de droit intangibles ?

Religion et prééminence du droit dans le judaïsme antique

... Political Order and Political Decay (2014). This comparison serves to highlight the fundamental shortcomings of our contemporary democracy. These ideas explain just a few of the causes of political decay in the United States, including&nbsp;...

The summary of Political Order and Political Decay – From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy presented here include a short review of the book at the start followed by quick overview of main points and a list of important take-aways at the end of the summary. The Summary of A comparison of the history of democracy in the United States with its current state is made in the book Political Order and Political Decay . This comparison serves to highlight the fundamental shortcomings of our contemporary democracy. These ideas explain just a few of the causes of political decay in the United States, including a shrinking middle class, self-interested lobbyists, and institutions that are unable to adapt to change. Political Order and Political Decay summary includes the key points and important takeaways from the book Political Order and Political Decay by Francis Fukuyama. Disclaimer: 1. This summary is meant to preview and not to substitute the original book. 2. We recommend, for in-depth study purchase the excellent original book. 3. In this summary key points are rewritten and recreated and no part/text is directly taken or copied from original book. 4. If original author/publisher wants us to remove this summary, please contact us at support@mocktime.com.

Summary of Political Order and Political Decay – [Review Keypoints and Take-aways]

... Political Order and Political Decay : From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy ( Nueva York : Farrar , Straus and Giroux , 2014 ) , 445 . 2 Fukuyama , &quot; The Future of History ” , 61 . 3 Fukuyama , Political Order&nbsp;...

Este libro examina por qué y cómo la clase media—en tanto idea, práctica colectiva, experiencia subjetiva e identidad social—llegó a ser criterio principal de lo que significaba vivir en sociedades democráticas durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. El texto explora el alcance decisivo que, en la formación de la clase medias, tuvieron la extraordinaria expansión del poder de los Estados Unidos, la consolidación de posturas políticas radicales, el crecimiento del sector de servicios, la reconfiguración del estado nación en Colombia, y la reorganización del catolicismo colombiano después de la segunda guerra mundial. Sigue las luchas de algunos actores sociales—profesionales, oficinistas y pequeños industriales—por encontrar un lugar en una sociedad transnacional cambiante; se muestra que sus diversos y contradictorios proyectos democráticos mantuvieron rígidas fronteras de clase. Por ultimo, se cuestiona el proceso histórico que lleva a pensar que una sociedad de clase media es "más democrática" que una dividida en dos clases sociales —ricos y pobres, subalternos y élites— para así ofrecer una historia crítica de lo que significa vivir en "democracias liberales" en donde las clases medias aparecen como el sujeto político incuestionable de tales democracias.

Género, clases medias y democracia en Bogotá

La clase invisible

&quot; And in The Washington Post, Gerard DeGrott exclaimed &quot;this is a book that will be remembered. Bring on volume two.&quot; Volume two is finally here, completing the most important work of political thought in at least a generation.

The second volume of the bestselling landmark work on the history of the modern state Writing in The Wall Street Journal, David Gress called Francis Fukuyama's Origins of Political Order "magisterial in its learning and admirably immodest in its ambition." In The New York Times Book Review, Michael Lind described the book as "a major achievement by one of the leading public intellectuals of our time." And in The Washington Post, Gerard DeGrott exclaimed "this is a book that will be remembered. Bring on volume two." Volume two is finally here, completing the most important work of political thought in at least a generation. Taking up the essential question of how societies develop strong, impersonal, and accountable political institutions, Fukuyama follows the story from the French Revolution to the so-called Arab Spring and the deep dysfunctions of contemporary American politics. He examines the effects of corruption on governance, and why some societies have been successful at rooting it out. He explores the different legacies of colonialism in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, and offers a clear-eyed account of why some regions have thrived and developed more quickly than others. And he boldly reckons with the future of democracy in the face of a rising global middle class and entrenched political paralysis in the West. A sweeping, masterful account of the struggle to create a well-functioning modern state, Political Order and Political Decay is destined to be a classic.

... emotions that encourage rule or norm following that is independent of the norm&#39;s rationality . Sometimes rule following is rein- forced by religious belief ; in other cases we follow 462 POLITICAL ORDER AND POLITICAL DECAY.

... collapse of communism in 1989-1991 that it was extended into Eastern Europe as well . The European road to democracy was long indeed . 29 FROM 1848 TO THE ARAB SPRING Origins of the 426 POLITICAL ORDER AND POLITICAL DECAY.